生态最相关水文指标的优选及其在洞庭湖环境流量估算中的应用     

程俊翔  徐力刚  姜加虎 《湖泊科学》2018,30(5):1235-1245

水文改变指标(IHA)能够较为全面地描述水文状况,在评估水文情势改变及其生态系统影响方面具有广泛的应用.尽管该指标体系较为完善,但是数量众多的水文变量仍然存在信息冗余问题.根据洞庭湖城陵矶水文站1955-2014年的径流量数据,采用主成分分析(PCA)筛选了生态最相关水文指标(ERHIs),结合ERHIs改进了用于估算环境流量的变化范围法(RVA),并将其应用在洞庭湖出口的环境流量估算中.基于PCA选取了年最大90日流量、年最小3日流量、年最小流量出现时间、3月流量、6月流量、流量逆转次数和低流量年内平均历时7个变量作为洞庭湖出口的ERHIs.纵向和横向的对比分析都表明选取的ERHIs是合理的.ERHIs不仅有效缓解了IHA的冗余性问题,还有利于抓住最关键的生态水文变量.根据ERHIs改进的RVA方法在设定洞庭湖出口环境流量时,极大地简化原来的众多管理目标,对生态水文研究、水资源管理和生态保护都具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义.  相似文献   

黄河源地区晚更新世湖泛事件及其意义   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩建恩  罗鹏  余佳  邵兆刚  孟庆伟  王津  朱大岗 《地质力学学报》2020,26(2):232-243

通过青海玛多湖相地层剖面沉积特征，结合ESR样品年代测试结果，分析认为黄河源地区在13万年左右的晚更新世时期发生过湖泛事件。湖泛时期，玛多"四姐妹湖"相互连通，形成一个面积巨大的湖泊，约是现今"四姐妹湖"总面积的4.1倍。玛多地区此次湖泛事件与深海氧同位素MIS 6（Marine isotope stages 6）向MIS 5（Marine isotope stages 5）转变时期相对应，显示出青藏高原气候变化与全球气候变化密切相关，然而黄河源地区湖相地层对全球气候变化反应更敏感，记录的气候转换时间早于其他地区。玛多剖面湖相地层剖面沉积物的粒度、碳酸盐、磁化率分析表明，在132±10~128±12 ka年间，黄河源地区湖相沉积可分为9个阶段，表明青藏高原在MIS 6向MIS 5转变时期的气候变化是一个波动上升过程。13万年左右，黄河源地区大面积的湖相地层结束沉积，认为由于青藏高原共和运动，下游的多石峡被切开，湖水突然外泄所形成。   相似文献   

山东半岛南北两侧海域真核浮游生物群落特征及与环境因子的相关性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘朋超  王卫军  骆启豪  李彬  孙国华  赵强  张金浩  杨建敏 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):876-885

为了解山东半岛南北两侧的烟台崆峒岛(KTD)海域和日照东港(DG)海域真核浮游生物群落特征,采用高通量测序技术,以18S rDNA V4区为目标基因,对2017年10月至2018年7月两海域的真核浮游生物多样性进行了检测;同期测定两海域的环境因子(溶解氧、氨氮含量等10个理化指标),并与真核浮游生物丰富度做相关性分析。实验结果表明:通过高通量测序技术共鉴定出浮游生物455种,其中,KTD海域共检测出真核浮游生物36个门类424种;DG海域共检测出真核浮游生物34个门类365种。绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Diatomea)是两海域浮游植物中整体丰度最高的门类。KTD海域,绿藻门各月丰度在3.0%—21.3%之间,其中2018年7月(K1807)最高,达到了21.3%;硅藻门各月丰度在2.0%—16.59%之间,其中2018年2月(K1802)最高,达到了16.59%。DG海域,绿藻门各月丰度在2.0%—12.3%之间,其中2017年11月份(D1711)最高,达到了12.3%;硅藻门各月丰度在2.0%—47.0%之间,其中1月(D1801)最高,达到了47.0%。占优势地位的浮游动物主要是节肢动物门类的物种,其每月丰度分别在6.0%—38.9%和7.6%—48.6%之间。环境因子相关性分析表明水温、DO、pH、硅酸盐、硝酸盐氮等环境因子为影响该海域浮游生物群落结构的主要因子。研究结果对了解双壳经济贝类养殖区饵料组成及其在时空的变化,对海岸带食物网、生态基础管理和海洋经济贝类养殖生产等方面提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

Scales and magnitude of hyporheic,river–aquifer and bank storage exchange fluxes          下载免费PDF全文

Roger H. Cranswick  Peter G. Cook 《水文研究》2015,29(14):3084-3097

Many studies have investigated the exchange processes that occur between rivers and groundwater systems and have successfully quantified the water fluxes involved. Specifically, these exchange processes include hyporheic exchange, river–aquifer exchange (groundwater discharge and river loss) and bank storage exchange. Remarkably, there are relatively few examples of field studies where more than one exchange process is quantified, and as a consequence, the relationships between them are not well understood. To compare the relative magnitudes of these common exchange processes, we have collected data from 54 studies that have quantified one or more of these exchange flux types. Each flux value is plotted against river discharge at the time of measurement to allow the different exchange flux types to be compared. We show that there are positive relationships between the magnitude of each exchange flux type and increasing river discharge across the different studies. For every one order of magnitude increase in river discharge, the hyporheic, river–aquifer and bank storage exchange fluxes increase by factors of 2.7, 2.9 and 2.5, respectively. On average, hyporheic exchange fluxes are almost an order of magnitude greater than river–aquifer exchange fluxes, which are, in turn, approximately four times greater than bank storage exchange fluxes for the same river discharge. Unless measurement approaches that can distinguish between different types of exchange flux are used, there is potential for hyporheic exchange fluxes to be misinterpreted as river–aquifer exchange fluxes, with possible implications for water resource management decisions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal estimation of snow depth using point data from snow stakes,digital terrain models,and satellite data          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio‐Juan Collados‐Lara  Eulogio Pardo‐Igúzquiza  David Pulido‐Velazquez 《水文研究》2017,31(10):1966-1982

Snow availability in Alpine catchments plays an important role in water resources management. In this paper, we propose a method for an optimal estimation of snow depth (areal extension and thickness) in Alpine systems from point data and satellite observations by using significant explanatory variables deduced from a digital terrain model. It is intended to be a parsimonious approach that may complement physical‐based methodologies. Different techniques (multiple regression, multicriteria analysis, and kriging) are integrated to address the following issues: We identify the explanatory variables that could be helpful on the basis of a critical review of the scientific literature. We study the relationship between ground observations and explanatory variables using a systematic procedure for a complete multiple regression analysis. Multiple regression models are calibrated combining all suggested model structures and explanatory variables. We also propose an evaluation of the models (using indices to analyze the goodness of fit) and select the best approaches (models and variables) on the basis of multicriteria analysis. Estimation of the snow depth is performed with the selected regression models. The residual estimation is improved by applying kriging in cases with spatial correlation. The final estimate is obtained by combining regression and kriging results, and constraining the snow domain in accordance with satellite data. The method is illustrated using the case study of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southern Spain). A cross‐validation experiment has confirmed the efficiency of the proposed procedure. Finally, although it is not the scope of this work, the snow depth is used to asses a first estimation of snow water equivalent resources.  相似文献   

The Upper Devonian Kellwasser event recorded in a regressive sequence from inner shelf to lagoonal pond,Catalan Coastal Ranges,Spain     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(6):2055-2087

This study, conducted in the Catalan Coastal Ranges, north‐east Spain, describes the Upper Devonian Kellwasser event in a shallowing‐upward sequence of black shales, siltstones and quartz arenites. This sequence was deposited in a progradational and regressive coastal system where the sedimentary environment evolved from the inner shelf to a lagoonal pond located landward of the shoreline. Three anomalous succeeding steps have been identified by geochemical analysis. The first one, detected on the inner shelf, was characterized by oxygen depletion and high organic productivity. The second, detected in the nearshore, was caused by hydrothermal activity occurring under normal oxic conditions. The third and most intense step was identified in the muds of the lagoonal pond and has been linked to strong anoxic conditions, elevated clastic input derived from changes in the weathering regime at the source area and moderate hydrothermal activity. The Kellwasser event is thus defined in the study area as stepwise and multi‐causal. This is the first time that the Kellwasser event has been identified in a sedimentary environment behind the shoreline. It is also the first time that it has been reported in the Catalan Coastal Ranges.  相似文献   

粤西海陵湾养殖区邻近海域大型底栖动物生态学特征   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

李亚芳  杜飞雁  王亮根  宁加佳  李纯厚 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1294-1307

根据2014—2016年粤西海陵湾养殖区湾内和湾外邻近海域21°27′—21°38′N、111°42′—111°57′E 4个航次调查资料,对其大型底栖动物生态学特征进行了研究。结果表明,共鉴定大型底栖动物64种,春季种类最多为39种,秋季最低为17种。4季均以环节动物种类数最多,软体动物次之。不同季节间优势种有所差异,仅倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus sp.为周年优势种。春、夏、秋和冬季第一优势种分别为倍棘蛇尾、菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum、短吻铲荚螠Listriolobus brevirostris和平蛤蜊Mactra mera。平均丰度和生物量分别为213ind./m~2和15.4g/m~2,其中丰度以春季最高为248ind./m~2,夏季最低为167ind./m~2,而生物量则以秋季最高为28.0g/m~2,春季最低为2.4g/m~2;平面分布总体呈现湾外高于湾内的趋势。底栖动物Pielou均匀度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为0.95—1.00和1.56—4.07,其中时间分布规律明显,春季最高,秋季最低;空间上,两者无明显分布差异。群落结构时空差异显著,为沉积物类型、水深、底层无机氮和悬浮物以及捕食压力等因素共同影响的结果。  相似文献   

HHT-EEMD用于IGS站高程时间序列分析     

施闯  牛玉娇  魏娜  楼益栋  张双成 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(7):661-667

利用经验模态分解（EMD）和整体经验模态分解（EEMD）方法，将BJFS站2000~2015年高程时间序列进行分解，发现其不仅存在1 a、0.5 a、0.25 a、2个月、1个月以及长周期等周期项，还存在以往方法很难探测出来的近似2 a周期信号。与EMD分解结果对比，整体经验模态分解可以明显减弱模式混叠现象。对各分量进行Hilbert 变换（HHT），得到时间-频率-能量的Hilbert 频谱图。结果表明，年周期和2 a周期变化是高程运动的主要贡献项。利用小波变换方法对比验证EEMD的分解结果表明，与小波分析相比，EEMD重构信号与高程序列差异的RMS更小，证明了HHT-EEMD方法在数据资料分析过程中的有效性。对环境负载及GRACE负载造成的测站位移进行功率谱分析得出，环境负载确实会造成IGS站高程时间序列的1 a、0.5 a以及季节性运动，GRACE负载还验证了2 a信号的存在。  相似文献   

大气环境变化的泥炭地质档案   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

鲍锟山  赵红梅  于晓菲  吕宪国  王国平 《地质论评》2011,57(2):234-242

雨养泥炭沼泽是一种重要的泥炭沼泽类型,具有全球广泛分布的特点,其养分补给主要源于大气降水(包括雨、雪和空气尘埃).它是一个记录大气环境变化的积极的信息储备系统,记录有大气输入的海盐气溶胶、沙尘颗粒、酸沉降、重金属和有机污染物等信息.采用地质定年技术将泥炭深度剖面转化到年代坐标上,并结合泥炭生物地球化学指标检测分析,提取...  相似文献   

寒冷地区无压输水暗渠运行模型试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘德仁  赖远明  张东  张世民 《冰川冻土》2011,33(6):1323-1329

根据我国北方寒冷地区某无压输水暗渠工程实际,通过在室内环境箱中进行暗渠比例模型试验,研究暗渠在冬季输水过程中水流温度受外界环境温度、流速及进水口水温的影响.通过改变试验条件,研究了暗渠模型内水流温度降低与外界环境温度、水流流速及进水口水温的关系.经过数据拟合,得到暗渠水流温度与环境温度、水流流速及进水口水温的回归公式,...  相似文献